Education is a continually developing activity, it shapes the way an individual develops their attitudes, thoughts and behavior. Education is not just about being literate but it is an overall development of the person in every aspect of their lives. A society's educational system can be greatly linked to its culture as the culture that one is in have an affect on the type of curriculum the institutions will develop in order to cater to every individual of that particular culture. Education moulds and shapes a society and it is influenced by the culture of the particular country or society. The educational system acts as a point of reference for the society's needs and demands. The principles that dominate this article is culture and education are interrelated and interconnected. Every educational paradigm is influenced by the culture of the society in which it operates. This essay underlines the extensive connection between culture and education. As a result, the goal of this essay is to depict these features from a Philosophical-Psychological Approach.

Background: The expansion of the use of audio and video media technology has faced society with many medical, cultural and economic challenges. In the meantime, excessive use of mobile phones can cause many problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire on physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational and confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens of Khorramabad with a diploma or higher in 1399, which was selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method of 200 people online and virtual. Results: The results showed that the factorized physical and psychological harm questionnaire of cell phone with 42 questions and 10 components (fear of loss, vibration syndrome, duck syndrome, nomophobia, insomnia, hearing problem, eye syndrome, tunnel and neck syndrome SMS) and has good reliability, validity and flexibility in terms of psychometrics. Discussion and Conclusion: The questionnaire of factor analysis of physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones can be used to identify and study the physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones.

We are... So, to reframe the inquiry: who are we on a metaphysical level? Which aspects of ourselves are the most universally representative of who we are? How do we fare in the face of the passage of time? For decades, philosophers have debated the concept of diachronic personal identity, which focuses on the question of what keeps us alive. An intricate debate has developed between those who hold the body view (animalism) and those who hold the psychological view (memory) on the question of who we are. The two groups will eventually become so firmly set in their views that they will be unable to compromise. Hylomorphic animalism, or the view that humans are rational animals, living bodies made of prime matter and a rational soul, is an alternative answer to this divisive question that I propose in this study, following in the footsteps of Aristotle and Aquinas. We only survive if matter and rational souls do.

Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of effective school-based self-control skill training on increasing psychological hardiness and self-efficacy of male students of the first secondary level.Method: This research is a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included male students of the first secondary school in Qom city, 30 students were selected using the available sampling method and divided into two groups of 15 people completely randomly. Students in the experimental group participated in 8 sessions of the school-based self-control training program, and the control group did not receive training. Before and after the implementation of the intervention, both groups were evaluated using the psychological hardiness scale of Lang and Goulet (2003) and the self-efficacy scale of children and adolescents (SEQ-C). The data was analyzed using spss-22 software and through repeated measures analysis of variance test.Findings: The results showed that school-based self-control skill training has a significant effect on increasing students' psychological hardiness and self-efficacy (P<0.01). Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that school-based self-control skill training can be an effective intervention in increasing psychological hardiness and self-efficacy in students.

The present research was conducted with the aim of the relationship between social factors and family violence against children (child abuse). The used method was a survey and the data collection tool was also a questionnaire. From a total of 155 families with a history of child abuse based on the social emergency statistics of Tehran in the last 6 months of 1397, 110 families (parents with one or more children) were selected in District 9 of Tehran Municipality. The random sampling method was simple. In the present study, children under 11 years (6-11 years) were defined as the age range of children and family violence was also defined as violence applied by parents, older siblings. Research hypotheses were tested with SPSS statistical software through Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results showed that the experience of violence has a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence, neglect against children and family violence against children. In other results, it was found that violence-oriented mentality has a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence, neglect against children and family violence against children. In the continuation of the obtained results, the positive relationship of family problems with mental violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children was confirmed and it was found that gender stereotypes have a positive relationship with mental violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children. Finally, in the main hypothesis, the results showed: social factors have a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children.

Aim and Background: Therapists in the clinics and hospitals of difficult to treat patients have always been exposed to job burnout with psychological consequences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective role of psychological capital on job burnout, psychological distress and psychosomatic symptoms in therapists of children with cancer. Methods and Materials: The present research is cross-sectional-correlation and its participants were 140 clinical and social therapists available in the pediatric oncology department of Isfahan hospitals. 132 people completed Questionnaires of psychological capital, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) and somatization symptoms. To data analyses, multivariate regression and covariance analysis were used. All analyses were done using SPSS-20 software and AMOS was used for Structural equation modelling (SEM). Findings: The results showed that psychological capital has a significant and inverse direct effect on burnout, psychosomatic symptoms and psychological distress. Also, a positive and significant direct relationship between burnout and psychosomatic and psychological symptoms was obtained. The results of the non-parametric bootstrap method showed that the indirect effect of psychological capital through job burnout on psychosomatic and psychological distress is significant and this effect is stronger on psychosomatic symptoms. Conclusions: The findings of this study showed the protective role of positive psychological abilities, which is conceptualized in the form of psychological capital, including the components of hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism, on the adjustment of job burnout, psychological distress, and psychosomatic complaints of therapists in oncology wards. This study proposes the development and implementation of a program to empower therapists in children's cancer treatment centers in the form of a plan to strengthen psychological capital in order to overcome burnout and its psychological consequences

Dear Editor, Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Iranian women (1), and in recent years, the number of cases among Iranian women has increased 5.2 times, reaching 14,743 cases in 2019 (2). Breast cancer survivors face many challenges that go beyond physical health and encompass emotional, psychological, and social dimensions (3). Patients with breast cancer experience longer-lasting psychosocial effects that impact their quality of life, including fatigue (4, 5), pain (4, 5), sleep disturbances (4), cardiovascular diseases (6), and sexual dysfunction (7), which may contribute to feelings of abandonment, isolation, distress, and ultimately depression and anxiety (5). Studies show that 37.6% of patients suffer from moderate to severe anxiety, and 35.9% experience mild to severe depression (8). The result of a meta-analysis reported the prevalence of depression among breast cancer survivors as 30.2% in the world (9) and 48.83% in Iran (10). This level of depression is higher than prevalence of post-partum depression, depression in infertile couples, and depression among adolescents (10). Mood disorder (depression (11), anxiety(12) and panic(13)), fear (Fear of recurrence (14), fear of cancer spread, fear of death (15)), issues related to self-concept and quality of life (body image (16), sexual and quality of life disorders (17)), are common among breast cancer survivors. Globally, breast cancer survivors frequently face significant psychological distress following diagnosis and treatment (18). Women in Iranian society, due to cultural reasons, are under significant pressure after diagnosis and treatment. As a result, patients with breast cancer suffer not only from the physical side effects of the disease and its treatment but also from stress and emotional problems. The lack of support from the community and their families, negative attitudes from those around them, and sexual dysfunction further exacerbate their depression. This issue may be influenced by the cultural context of society and religious beliefs about women's responsibilities (10). Psychological support programs for breast cancer survivors play a vital role in improving quality of life, reducing anxiety and depression, and adapting to changes after treatment (19). However, after survival, attention is often focused solely on the physical aspects related to the disease, while psychological interventions for managing stress, anxiety, and depression have been overlooked. These programs should be implemented sustainably throughout the survival period and aimed at enhancing the quality of life for the survivor, their spouse, and their family using various approaches. To improve the quality of life during the critical post-survival period, it is recommended to implement multidimensional care programs. These programs should aim to physically follow up on patients and manage their concomitant physical and psychological conditions. This requires providing accessible interventions, such as a psychoeducational program (20), individual and group counseling (21), social support (22), mindfulness training (23), family-centered (24) and spiritual programs (25). Addressing the stigma associated with cancer, increasing resilience, and adopting appropriate coping strategies are proposed as means to reduce psychological distress and enhance the quality of life for women. The sense of hope, purpose, belonging, and spiritual attachment inherent in Iranian culture can serve as a powerful psychological buffer against mental health challenges for breast cancer survivors and should be integrated into their comprehensive care management (26, 27). Offering these programs in a family-centered and culturally sensitive manner at home can improve outcomes for this group of women by reducing disease-related complications.

Aim and Background: Depression is a condition that is associated with severe suffering and major damage to the patient's general health, quality of life, and social and occupational activities, which in some cases may lead to suicide. Depression is one of the causes of disability in the world, which has brought a lot of care and economic burden. Since the burden of care and the economic burden of depression have been reported significantly, it is necessary to consider new ways to understand the heterogeneity of clinical phenotypes in depression. Therefore, this article presents a report to review neuropsychological immunological studies in depression. Methods and Materials: Considering the extent of scientific research in this field, only English and Farsi articles with a neuropsychological immunological approach have been used in the time range between 2015 and 2024 and in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. The keywords used were Neuroinflammation, Inflammation, Depression, and psychoneuroimmunology. Findings: By reviewing the research literature in the field of neuropsychological immunology of depression, this article examined the interaction of stress and the immune system in three levels: 1. Inflammation and depression, 2. Immunological pathways in depression, and 3. The interaction of psychoactive interventions and inflammation in depression. Conclusions: Neuro-psychological immunological studies of depression or the study of the interrelationship between the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems widely resolve the scientific and research gap regarding the relationship between depression and the immune system. Due to the relative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for the treatment of chronic diseases, psychosocial interventions may be a suitable strategy to reduce the burden of disease and improve human health.